King Street

From theislandwiki

King Street

King Street in 1921

King Street is the main shopping area in St Helier, Jersey's capital, but it was not always so. Originally there were meadows and swamps on the north side, followed by a handful of smart town houses

1905

Many people find it surprising, when they see the street name boards today, that King Street, St Helier's premier shopping street, should once have been known as Rue de Derrière (the road at the back), but that is exactly what the street once was.

Meadows

Until the town of St Helier began to expand in the 19th century, there was little or nothing to the north of the Royal Square except meadows and swamps. King Street was an unpaved lane at the back of the houses forming the north side of the square, where the weekly market was held.

The main entrance to the square was from Broad Street at the western end. The principal route from Charing Cross to what was then the centre of the town was along Broad Street, lined with important buildings on either side, and King Street faced the countryside.

Street numbers

We have so far been unable to discover when street numbers were allocated for King Street. Although no street numbers are shown in the 1841 census, the properties had certainly been allocated numbers by the early 1830s, and possibly even earlier. The north side of the street was first developed in the early to mid-18th century. However, these were not commercial properties, but fine homes. Maps of St Helier from 1737 and 1787 do not show individual properties along the north side of King Street, but a thin line of buildings with gardens behind. It was not until the early 19th century that the homes began to be replaced by shops and the street emerged as it is today, flanked on both sides by a continuous line of shops. It can only be after the development of the north side had been completed that the numbering system, with odd numbers on the south and even numbers on the north was introduced.

The growth of St Helier over 100 years shown in maps from 1737 to 1834

Precinct

How things have changed over the decades. For a long period King Street became a busy thoroughfare, carrying horses and carts, and then the motor car, buses and other vehicles, from the west of the town to the east, but in the 1970s enlightened politicians had the courage first of all to ban through traffic, and then to pave the street as the town's first pedestrian precinct.

It was a slow process. At the beginning, in December 1971, a trial was conducted by barring traffic from the section from Halkett Place to Don Street, in front of Burton's, Woolworth and British Home Stores and cars were allowed to drive up the street from Charing Cross as far as Don Street. The pedestrianised area was not paved at the outset, just in case public opinion forced a change of mind and vehicles were again admitted. But the Jersey public was firmly in support of banning cars from the centre of their town, although the pedestrian area has not spread nearly as far as it was first envisaged might happen. Traffic was barred from the full length of King Street by 14 June 1974, and the street was then paved. The initial paving was replaced some time later with a smarter finish, which is still in place today.

On 18 April 1977 vehicles were prohibited from using Queen Street for a trial period and the town centre precinct continued to spread.

A German staff car in King Street during the Occupation, as ladies go about their shopping. This must have been 1940, because the street would never have been this busy in later years

Which king?

The history books are silent on exactly when the street's name changed from the old French to King Street, so it is not clear which King was being honoured. The Town of St Helier, the definitive work on the history of the town by Edmund Toulmin Nicolle, covers old and new street names, but is strangely silent on the timing and origins of many of them. King Street is completely ignored in George Balleine's work The Bailiwick of Jersey.

Some suggest that the change may perhaps have come about at the same time that the statue of King George II was erected in the Royal Square, but this was 1751, some considerable time before Rue de Derrière ceased to be an insignificant back street. There are plenty of references to the original name well into the 19th century. An article in The Pilot, a Jersey church magazine, in 1971, (it has been suggested that the article, which was unattributed, was written by Balleine, but this cannot be confirmed) suggested that King Street was named in honour of George III, and Queen Street in honour of his wife, Queen Charlotte. This would place the change to between 1760 and 1820 - George III had a particularly long reign, the longest of any British King. This suggestion is also made by Raoul Lempriere in his 1980 work Buildings and Memorials of the Channel Islands in which King Street merits a mere two paragraphs.

However, a set of cards showing views of the island which were produced for Ching's cigarettes in the 1950s suggested that King Street was named after William IV, King from 1830 to 1837, and Queen Street after his niece and successor, Queen Victoria.

This photograph from around the end of the 19th century shows how the property on the right making the corner of King Street and Halkett Place, variously known as No 2 King Street or 1 Halkett Place, jutted out beyond the line of the other properties. When it was rebuilt for Burton's the facade and pavement line were pushed back in line with the rest of the street.

Businesses

Many of the businesses in King Street today are branches of multiples which can be found in many other high streets in the British Islands, but there are others which are unique to Jersey and have been trading for a century or more.

Notable long-established businesses still trading, and others which have now disappeared, include:

Voisin's
Abraham de Gruchy
Beghin's a shoe shop started in the mid 19th century by a French family and still bearing their name
Hamon's - A haberdashery and ladies' wear shop at 37-39 King Street selling curtain fabrics and fittings, household textiles, haberdashery and 'rather old-fashioned women's underwear and nightwear'
Noel and Porter - department store building was sold to British Home Stores in 1966. The origin of the business was in the drapery business of Mr Porter.
Hotel du Palais de Cristal, the hotel which once stood in King Street

Property histories

We have created a series of histories of all the shops in King Street. Follow the links in the list below to articles on individual properties. One factor worth noting in these articles is the number of businesses run by English and French immigrants to the island. Jersey was not a nation of shopkeepers in the 19th century and onwards, with very few records of any shops at all in St Helier until very late in the 18th century. Business was carried out at the market in the Royal Square and then the new premises in Halkett Place, and as the growing population of the town in the early years of the 19th century created a demand for retail outlets, these were mainly provided by outsiders who settled in the island with their families.


No 1	No 2	No 3	No 4	No 5	No 6	No 7	No 8	No 9	No 10
No 11	No 12	No 13	No 14	No 15	No 16	No 17	No 18	No 19	No 20
No 21	No 22	No 23	No 24	No 25	No 26	No 27	No 28	No 29	No 30
No 31	No 32	No 33	No 34	No 35	No 36	No 37	No 38	No 39	No 40
No 41	No 42	No 43	No 44	No 44½	No 45	No 45a	No 46	No 47	No 48	No 49	No 50
No 51	No 52	No 53	No 54	No 55	No 55½	No 56	No 57	No 58	No 59	No 60
No 61	No 62	No 63	No 64	No 65	No 66	No 67	No 68	No 69	No 70
No 71	No 72	No 73	No 74	No 75	No 76	No 77	No 78	No 79

Street history

d'Auvergne plaque

A commemorative plaque to Admiral Philip d'Auvergne

Picture gallery

This map of King Street is believed to date from 1913. It shows clearly how relatively small the properties were on the south side of the street, compared with those on the north, which stretched back over what had previously been wet meadowland. Some of the censuses list dozens of households behind the shops which fronted the street, in narrow lanes many of which have now been absorbed into the commercial premises. This was possible because in most cases the lanes were privately owned, the adjoining cottages being let out to families and the shop to a tenant. Very few King Street traders owned their own premises, and although some of the larger enterprises have become owners over the decades, many King Street properties, particularly on the south side, remain in family ownership and command very high rents. The map shows clearly how some properties stretched from King Street through to Broad Street and Vine Street behind, whereas others, at least in 1913, were separate properties. Notice how New Street narrows as it meets King Street. This junction was later widened with the loss of one street number on the north side of King Street.

The top end of King Street in 1959. Princess Margaret is driven past the crowds on an official visit

Click on any image below to see a larger version

1930s
Woolworth's
King Street in 1942
1939
The precinct in the 1970s
1953
1953 Coronation celebrations
Building a Le Riches shop in King Street
The street in Edwardian times
1914
1977
Pedestrian Precinct
During the Occupation
The precinct outside British Home Stores
King Street in 1946
King Street in 1911
1960s, a view from the upper floor of No 17

A Noel and Porter van heads a queue of traffic

1960s
Noel and Porter
Looking down the street from the Halkett Place junction
King Street decorated for the coronation in 1937
King Street in 1940
Charing Cross divides into King Street (left) and Broad Street
Rarely has King Street been covered in such a deep layer of snow
Burton's, Woolworth and the awnings of Noel and Porter beyond
King Street photographed by Albert Smith
King Street in 1947
King Street in 1953
King Street in 1953
Queen Street viewed from the end of King Street in 1953
King Street in the 1950s
King Street in 1955
King Street in the 1970s
King Street in the 1970s
King Street photographed by Albert Smith
King Street photographed by Albert Smith
The pedestrian precinct
The precinct at the beginning. Cars are barred from the eastern end of the street but it has not yet been paved over
The street in 1907
1970s

Cobbles in 1890

1955
The early days as a pedestrian precinct
British Home Stores
The start of the paved precinct
1903
1920
The street in 1935, decorated for King George V's jubilee
The street in the early years of the 20th century
1946
1962
1963
RM Stores, part of the Ready Money grocery store group, in the foreground on the right

The street is decorated, either for the Coronation in 1953, or the Queen's visit in 1957

1968
1977
Demolition work starts on the former Tylers shoe shop

British Home Stores, 1968, and the street is still open to traffic all day

King Street Cross
1957
1926
King Street
King Street
King Street
King Street
King Street
King Street
1969, and traffic and pedestrians still share the street outside Au Caprice, No 11
1977 - picture Jersey Evening Post
1977 - picture Jersey Evening Post
Burton's and Woolworth
The junction with New Street, looking east
Looking towards the western end of the street
Close to the Halkett Place junction - picture courtesy of Facebook group Jersey Temps Passe
1970s
1935
1945 - life gets back to normal after the Liberation
Shoppers at the Halkett Place end of the street in the 1930s

1971, shortly after the street was closed to traffic. Marcel Jacques is No 17, with the lower odd-numbered properties stretching beyond. It used to be possible to walk through from King Street to the Royal Square in a covered walkway between Nos 15 (Linscott's in this photograph) and 7, but that has since disappeared with redevelopment