Charles Le Boutillier

Charles Le Boutillier
American Civil War surgeon

The Battle of Bull Run, after which Charles Le Boutillier was taken prisoner, was the first major battle of the American Civil War

Born in Jersey, Charles Le Boutillier emigrated to the United States, became a doctor, and was present at some of the major
events of the Civil War. He was taken prisoner while tending to wounded soldiers at Bull Run

American records show Charles Le Boutillier born in Jersey, but exactly when and who his parents were is far from clear.

As with any American 'hero' there are countless online trees which show him born in Trinity in 1833, the son of another Charles, a carpenter, and Anne, nee Le Sueur. There is a marriage record for them in Trinity on 19 September 1830, and a baptism of a son Charles on 9 June 1833. However, some US records show Charles as born in 1826 and emigrating in 1850. It seems likely that this date, although confirmed by his supposed age when he died in 1863, is an error and that he was, indeed, the son of Charles and Anne, who had a total of eight children by 1848, and emigrated to Iowa with their family in 1851. Two further children were born after their emigration.

Charles jnr is shown in some records as Charles W Le Boutillier. There is no second given name in his baptism record, but given that his two youngest siblings had Methodist baptisms, the W could well stand for Wesley.

His father's ancestry is uncertain. Online trees show him born in Trinity in 1797, the son of an unknown Le Boutillier and Rachel Bisson. There is no record of this birth, nor of his supposed father, apparently born in 1771.

Mankato hangings

An online biography shows that Charles Jnr was a surgeon for 9th Minnesota Volunteers and present at the notorious Dakota hangings at Mankato in 1862.

"Charles Le Boutillier was a native of the Isle of Jersey. He emigrated to America around 1850 and settled in Iowa. He married Sarah Ann Smith in March 1854 and then moved to Minnesota. He settled in St Anthony and he and Sarah had three children: Ella Pauline (1856), Charles Victor (1859) and Alice May (1862). He commenced the practice of medicine and soon won the respect of the townspeople and was considered a highly successful and skilled physician. During this time he also served in the Minnesota Territorial Legislature in 1856 as a Republican from St Anthony.

"In 1861, at the creation of the First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, he enlisted as a private in Company E. His true value was soon realised and he was quickly appointed to be the regiment's assistant surgeon. At Bull Run, when the regiment was forced to retreat, he stayed behind with Dr Jacob Stewart to tend for the many wounded Minnesotans. They were all captured and sent to a prison in Richmond which had been converted from a tobacco warehouse. The following account of his experience was reported on 26 October 1861, in the Medical and Surgical Reporter:

"Treatment of prisoners by the Confederates. (see below for full report) Dr Le Boutillier, Surgeon of the Minnesota First, who was released on his parole by the Confederate authorities, relates his experience while a prisoner in their hands, and the treatment of the Federal prisoners. After the battle, he says: "I walked towards a house which I thought looked like a hospital, and upon reaching it found I was not mistaken. I there met Drs Powell and Ferguson, of the Second New York, and entered into conversation with them. I scarcely had been talking with them five minutes when a squadron of cavalry, numbering about 50 men, charged upon us, surrounded the yard and house, and although we exhibited our green sashes and informed them that we were surgeons, and that the building was a hospital, they fired upon us - emptied every gun they had in their hands.

Le Boutillier was present at the Mankato Hangings. 38 Sioux were hanged on the personal orders of Abraham Lincoln

"After stopping at Manasses for ten days they were taken to Richmond to prepare hospitals for the wounded. On their arrival they were set to work clearing two large five-story brick tobacco factories for that purpose. In a few days the wounded began to arrive, and both buildings soon were full. They had been thrown into cattle cars, without straw or hay for bedding. Those with broken or amputated limbs must have suffered most terribly. The fractured limbs had not been placed in splints in the majority of cases, and bones generally had worked their way through the wound and protruded through the flesh. The wounded at Richmond were not with blankets or clothing, and very little medecine - a few cots were furnished for the worst cases.

"They were all kept under the most vigilent surveillance, and nothing was permitted to be carried into the hospital without special order from General Winder, commander at Richmond. They were not permitted to put their heads out of the windows, and some of them came near paying the penalty of disobedience to orders by being shot.

"The officers, about 60 in number, were on a floor about 60 feet in length by 20 in breadth, and were not furnished with anything but the common food given to the other prisoners. A great many of them had nothing but the bare boards for a bed during my stay there."

Le Boutillier was involved in a prisoner exchange in St Louis and eventually returned to Minnesota. Dr Daniel Hand had been appointed assistant surgeon of the First Minnesota, to replace Le Boutillier, which was fortunate in that he did not want to rejoin the unit. On10 October 1862, he was appointed surgeon of the Ninth Minnesota Infantry. This regiment served in Minnesota during the Indian uprising. Le Boutillier died of consumption on 3 April 1863, while in St Peter, Minnesota. He was about 36 years old. His wife Sarah moved to Marshall Township, Iowa and lived until 1894.

He was buried in a cemetery located at Broadway and Fillmore Street NE in the St Anthony area Minneapolis. Later plans were made to develop the area. Many bodies were claimed by family members and relocated to other cemeteries and this area was made into a park for children. A plaque stands in one part of the park which honors the men whose bodies were not claimed and moved, Le Boutillier being one of them. The area is now known as Beltrami Park. On 27 October 1894 his remains were reinterred at Lakewood Cemetery in Mineapolis

Bull Run

Charles Le Boutillier's account of the Battle of Bull Run, the first major battle of the Civil War, was reported in the St Paul Press in 1861:

Immediately after our arrival at Bull Run, (near Sudley’s Church,) or a short time before the fight commenced between Heintzelman’s command and the enemy, a consultation was had between Surgeon Stewart and myself. He informed me that it was desired that I should go with the regiment and that he would soon follow with the ambulances. I followed, accompanied by Oscar Sears and 20 of our musicians who had been detailed by Col Gorman to assist in taking care of the wounded.

A few minutes before we became engaged in action, I requested Chaplain Neill, (who was gallantly marching up with the regiment) to go back and 'hurry up' the ambulances, and also to have some litters sent up to us. He went, and soon returned with two litters, bringing one himself upon his own back, and informed me that he had delivered the message. We soon became engaged with the enemy, and at the first fire had about 20 killed and about 30 wounded. The second fire produced about the same effect; and was nearly as fatal to us.

All the men detailed to assist us left after the first fire; leaving Mr Neill, Oscar Sears and myself alone to attend the wounded. For half an hour or more, we had our hands full. We examined almost all the wounded (with the exception of those who walked away from the field) and carried them to a place of comparative safety, and dressed their wounds when necessary. It must be remembered that we also had to attend to very many of the wounded Zouaves who had been left on the field, deserted by their commanders. Four or five of our wounded were killed by the bursting of a shell in their midst after we had left them.

After attending to those who were wounded at the first two fires from the enemy, we had little to do, except occasionally to visit the sufferers and furnish them with water and stimulants, a supply of which Oscar Sears (the acting Steward) had brought for that purpose. During the fight, the brave little Sears never deserted me. He was always on hand, and discharged his duties gallantly and like a true soldier. Soon after the second fire of the enemy, they were repulsed and fell back from their position in front of our regiment. From that time until the retreat was ordered, the regiment was divided into small squads, skirmishing about in the woods.

The first fighting was about 11.30 am,the retreat began about 4.30 pm. After the regiment was ordered to retreat, Oscar and I stayed with our wounded upon the battleground, for half an hour, still hoping the ambulances would arrive. I have been informed by Dr Stewart, since my return to Minnesota, that the Medical Director ordered him to take them upon the battle field. The enemy then came up and drove us away. Had the ambulances arrived even as late as four o’clock, our wounded, or the greater portion of them, might have been removed to Centreville, and thence to Washington.

Hospital

On leaving the field, Oscar and myself were separated. I walked towards a house which I thought looked like a hospital, and on reaching it found I was not mistaken. I there met Drs Powell and Furguson of the 2d New York and entered into conversation with them. I scarcely had been talking with them five minutes when a squadron of cavalry, numbering about 50 men, charged upon us, surrounded the yard and house, and although we exhibited our green sashes and informed them that we were surgeons and that the building was a hospital, they fired upon us – emptied every gun they had in their hands – screaming all the while.

They killed three of the wounded – two Northerners and a Georgian who were lying on the ground in front of the house under a locust tree. They also shot the brave Furguson in the left leg, fracturing both bones. They immediately began to load again, and we believing that it was their intention to murder us, rushed into the house and determined to defend ourselves. There were about ten or twelve privates who had assisted the wounded to this place, who had retained their arms. They fired upon the enemy from the doors and windows, killing their captain and four privates and put the whole to flight. This captain, it seems, was a lawyer residing a few miles from Petersburg, Virginia.

As soon as they had left, Dr Furguson was placed, with two others, into an ambulance, and we started for Sudley’s church or Bull Run, but were soon surrounded by 200 or 300 of the FFV, or black horse cavalry, who riddled our ambulances with bullets. They then ordered us to follow them, and we were taken to Manassas Junction. We earnestly begged them to permit us to stay with the wounded, who we knew were on the field of battle, but they informed us we must first see the General Commanding.

We arrived at Manassas Junction at nine or ten o’clock, and were immediately sent into the hospitals, that were then being prepared for the reception of the wounded. We worked all night. Next morning we were waited upon by an aid of General Beauregard, who presented us with a written parole which we refused to sign on the following grounds: First: That surgeons who voluntarily remained on the battle field were never made or retained as prisoners of war. Second: That the parole was not even such a one as is generally given to prisoners of war, as there was no provision in it for a release from the parole or an exchange

After further consultation we concluded not to sign any parole, and informed them of our decision, and told them that if the wounded were neglected, the responsibility would fall upon them. Shortly afterwards we were taken before General Beauregard who heard our reasons for refusing the parole. He then informed us that he would put us on verbal parole that we would not escape. We then returned to our respective duties. Out of 28 surgeons, only five signed the parole. However, it is proper to say that the Secretary of War (Walker) did not insist upon the original parole given to these surgeons and gave the regular parole.

We stayed at Manassas two days, when we were informed that they desired us to go to Richmond to prepare hospitals for our wounded. On our arrival at Richmond we were set to work to cleanse two large five-story brick tobacco factories for that purpose. In a few days our wounded began to arrive, and we continued to receive them until both buildings were completely filled.

Shocking condition of wounded

The poor fellows were brought to us in a most shocking condition. They had been thrown into cattle cars, without straw or hay for bedding – those with broken and amputated limbs must have suffered most terribly. The fractured limbs had not been placed in splints in the majority of cases, and the bones generally had worked their way through the wound and protruded through. The cases of amputation were still worse. The sutures had cut through the flesh leaving the muscles and bones bare, and the majority of wounds were alive with maggots – almost every case of amputation resulted fatally.

The wounded at Richmond were not furnished with any blankets or clothing, and very little medicine – a few cots were furnished for the worst cases. There was at one time 120 cases of fever in the hospital under my charge, and three fourths of them had to lie on the bare floor. The wounded were furnished with bread and fresh meat, and occasionally rice and a few vegetables. Only for the timely aid of kind friends whom we met in the city, the poor fellows would have suffered far worse. The guards have positive orders that in case any one “poked his head out of the window, to shoot him.” Nothing was permitted to be carried into the hospital without a specific order from General Winder – the Commander at Richmond.

The other prisoners were still worse treated. They were incarcerated in the same class of buildings, (tobacco factories) say 250 on each floor. There was only one water closet connected with a building containing at least 600 prisoners, and only two were permitted to go to it at a time. There were among the prisoners whole families of Western Virginians, some of whom must have been 70 years of age.

The officers, about 80 in number, were on a floor about 60 feet in length by 20, and were not furnished with anything but the common food given to the other prisoners – a great many of them had nothing but the bare boards for a bed during my stay there. They were not permitted to look out of the windows and a few were shot at, and wounded for disobeying the order – and a number of our wounded were shot at for unintentionally disobeying the same order. Sergeant Harris, of the Minnesota Regiment, came near being killed under those circumstances. The officers, especially those of the 69th (Irish Regiment) and particularly Colonel Corcoran, had to submit to all kinds of indignities. They seemed to think that a foreigner and Democrat ought to be severely punished when found in arms against them.

Parole taken

After we had been at Richmond some two weeks, we, the surgeons in attendance upon the wounded, held a consultation, and agreed to take the parole which eleven other Federal Surgeons had taken, but with the understanding that we would be permitted to stay as long as our services were required by the wounded. We did so, and after that enjoyed considerable privileges.

About the 15th of September, a Medical Commission of Surgeons was appointed by the Confederate Government and reported that our services were no longer required, and we were informed that we would have to leave, and in accordance with those instructions, left. Before leaving we furnished the wounded with some clothing and a little money which we succeeded in raising from some true Union friends in Richmond.

I deem it also my duty to say that as far as I could judge, Colonel Gorman, and all the field officers, and in fact the whole of the regiment behaved (with a few exceptions) bravely and reflected great credit upon the true Northern Star.